TEXTO DE APOIO (clique para abrir / fechar)
THE CONSULTING BUSINESS
The roots of the consulting business go back to 1911, when Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer who had become the manager of a steel plant, wrote the monograph Principles of Scientific Management. Taylor was obsessed with efficient manufacturing and the output of individual workers – what we today call “productivity.” He concluded that manufacturing should be separated into individual tasks, timed rigorously, and carried out by workers selected “scientifically” and trained appropriately.
In this new world, workers were treated more as resources than individuals. And while managers and workers were theoretically equal (in the early part of his career, Taylor had worked as a factory laborer), the managers were in charge of planning and supervision. This emerging executive class was responsible for the results and, implicitly, entitled to a greater share of the rewards.
Taylorism spawned [gerou] a generation of consulting firms in the U.S. and Europe. Large-scale manufacturers such as the auto, chemical, and steel industries were desperate to improve efficiency. The consultant, armed with charts and numbers, showed up [apareceu] to provide the answer.
Taylorism even found support in the Soviet Union. Initially, the Bolsheviks (the Marxist revolutionaries that established the Soviet Union) thought management consultancy was a pseudoscience aimed at squeezing the working class. But Lenin himself acknowledged in 1918 that “the Russian is a bad worker [who must] learn to work.” By the mid-1920s, Lenin and Trotsky embraced Taylorism, contracting the U.S.-based consultant Walter Polakov for advice on developing the Soviet Union’s first five-year plan. The Bolsheviks were happy to adopt some of the latest capitalist methods – and that included Taylorism – to build their new socialist society.
QUESTÃO
With respect to Frederick Winslow Taylor, the information in the passage most likely supports all of the following except
he tended to see workers as just one more element in the manufacturing process.
along with being a profound thinker and the “father” of the consulting business, he had first-hand experience as both a factory laborer and boss.
his development of a scientific approach to the manufacturing process was a revolutionary achievement.
at first, the ideas he formulated about the manufacturing process had a certain egalitarian component.
though he himself was unsympathetic to Marxism, he saw no problem in collaborating with Marxists.
🔐 Gabarito (clique para revelar)
🧭 Leitura orientada
A questão pede a alternativa não sustentada pelo texto a respeito de Frederick Winslow Taylor. Trata-se, portanto, de uma leitura cuidadosa para identificar o item que extrapola as informações apresentadas.
🔍 Levantamento das informações do texto
O texto mostra que Taylor:
• via os trabalhadores como recursos produtivos;
• teve experiência tanto como operário quanto como gerente;
• desenvolveu um método científico e inovador de gestão;
• defendia uma igualdade teórica inicial entre gestores e trabalhadores;
• influenciou empresas capitalistas e, indiretamente,
até o planejamento soviético.
🧠 Núcleo de sentido
Apesar de Taylorismo ter sido posteriormente adotado pela União Soviética, o texto não afirma que Taylor tenha colaborado diretamente com marxistas nem que tenha tido qualquer posicionamento ideológico favorável a esse sistema.
🔍 Análise alternativa por alternativa (com pegadinhas)
(A) ❌ Sustentada
O texto afirma claramente que os trabalhadores
passaram a ser tratados como recursos produtivos.
(B) ❌ Sustentada
O texto informa que Taylor trabalhou
como operário e como gerente,
dando-lhe experiência prática em ambos os papéis.
(C) ❌ Sustentada
A abordagem científica e sistemática
de Taylor é apresentada como inovadora
e transformadora do processo produtivo.
(D) ❌ Sustentada
O texto afirma que, ao menos teoricamente,
trabalhadores e gestores eram considerados iguais
em um primeiro momento.
(E) ✅ Não sustentada — GABARITO
Pegadinha: o texto não diz que Taylor
colaborou com marxistas.
A adoção do Taylorismo pelos soviéticos
ocorreu posteriormente e por iniciativa deles,
não por alinhamento ideológico de Taylor.
🧠 Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ A questão exige identificar extrapolação textual.
✔ Taylor influenciou diferentes sistemas econômicos.
✔ Isso não implica colaboração ou afinidade ideológica.
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (E)